To explore the characteristics of the phytoplankton community and environmental driving mechanisms in arid river basins, a systematic investigation of phytoplankton was conducted in May 2023, focusing on three sections of the Kuye River basin (upstream: Wulanmulun River; tributary: Beiniuchuan River; downstream: Kuye River mainstream). A total of 60 species of phytoplankton were identified, belonging to six phyla and 41 genera, with Bacillariophyta and Chlorophyta as the dominant phyla. Significant differences in species diversity were observed among the three river sections, with the highest diversity in the Wulanmulun River and the lowest diversity in the Beiniuchuan River. The water quality index (WQI) showed the best water quality in the Beiniuchuan River and the worst in the Wulanmulun River. Notably, Ankistrodesmus spiralis and Ankistrodesmus acicularis were reliable indicators for evaluating water quality in the Kuye River basin. Redundancy analysis highlighted that conductivity (COND), water temperature (WT), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were key physicochemical factors shaping the phytoplankton community in this basin. Correlation analysis further indicated that the Scenedesmus dominant in the mainstream of the Kuye River was mainly affected by dissolved oxygen (DO) and nitrate-nitrogen (NO₃⁻-N); Cyclotella and Gomphonema abundant in the Wulanmulun River were mainly affected by NO₃⁻-N, ammonium-nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N), and the nitrogen/phosphorus ratio (N/P); while Diatoma, which prevailed in the Beiniuchuan River, was mainly affected by COND. 

为探究旱区河流浮游植物群落特征及环境驱动机制, 于2023年5月对窟野河流域3个主要河段(上游: 乌兰木伦河; 支流: 悖牛川河; 下游: 窟野河干流)开展浮游植物调查。共鉴定出浮游植物60种, 隶属于6门41属, 其中硅藻门(Bacillariophyta)和绿藻门(Chlorophyta)为优势门。3个河段的物种多样性存在显著差异, 乌兰木伦河多样性最高, 而悖牛川河多样性最低。水质质量指数(WQI)评价结果显示, 悖牛川河水质最佳, 乌兰木伦河水质最差, 螺旋纤维藻(Ankistrodesmus spiralis)和针形纤维藻(Ankistrodesmus acicularis)可作为评估窟野河流域水质的指示物种。冗余分析结果显示, 电导率(COND)、水温(WT)、溶解性有机碳(DOC)和pH值是窟野河流域浮游植物群落构建的关键理化因子。栅藻(Scenedesmus)是窟野河干流的优势类群, 主要受溶解氧(DO)和硝态氮(NO₃⁻-N)影响; 小环藻(Cyclotella sp.)和异极藻(Gomphonema sp.)是乌兰木伦河的优势物种, 主要受NO₃⁻-N, 氨氮(NH₄⁺-N)和氮磷比(N/P)影响; 等片藻(Diatom)是悖牛川河的优势属, 主要受COND影响。