A systematic review of the literature on the characteristics of plant phenology and its drivers in urban forests was conducted to reveal the impact of plant phenology on bird sound diversity under urbanization and to explore the ecological association therein. The relationship between plant phenology and the spatiotemporal patterns of bird sounds was analyzed to identify the mechanisms through which vegetation dynamics shape bird sound diversity in urban forests. The main findings were as follows. 1) Urban forest plant phenology directly or indirectly affects bird sound diversity by altering food resource dynamics, habitat characteristics and interspecific competition. 2) Urban forest birds adapt their phenotypic plasticity through vocal behaviors to cope with phenology-driven resource competition. Future studies on the effects of urban forest plant phenology on bird sound diversity should focus on seasonal variations. The application of emerging monitoring technologies and the construction of a composite phenology-acoustic monitoring network are expected to promote the in-depth analysis of the multidimensional mechanisms between plant phenology and biodiversity in urban forests. Multi-perspective and cross-disciplinary co-operation should be strengthened to address the complex challenges of biodiversity conservation during urbanization.

系统地梳理城市森林植物物候变化特征及其驱动因素相关文献, 结合植物物候事件与鸟类鸣声时空格局耦合关系的研究, 归纳和总结城市化背景下城市森林植物影响鸟类鸣声多样性的内在机制, 得出如下主要结论: 1) 城市森林植物物候通过改变食物资源动态、栖息地特征及种间竞争格局, 直接或间接地影响鸟类鸣声多样性; 2) 城市森林鸟类通过发声行为适应性地调整与鸣声表型的可塑性变化, 应对物候驱动的资源竞争压力。在未来的城市森林植物物候对鸟类鸣声多样性研究中, 需重点关注鸟类鸣声的季节性变化。可依托新兴监测技术, 搭建物候–声学复合监测网络, 深入解析城市森林植物物候与生物多样性之间的多维度机制。同时, 开展多角度的跨领域合作, 应对城市化进程中生物多样性保护的复杂挑战。