Combined with the work of “Three Lines One Permit” in China, this study constructed a corresponding index system, and selected Qingpu District of Shanghai as the case study area to evaluate the consistency of regional ecological carrying capacity and industrial layout by both single factor and comprehensive index methods. The results show that: 1) the single factor ecological carrying rate can reflect the key limiting factors, while the comprehensive index can directly show the cumulative impact of regional industries on ecological carrying capacity; 2) the conflict between industrial layout and ecological space and soil environmental quality is less in Qingpu District, but the contradiction between industrial layout and water, atmospheric environment is prominent, which results in the overload of ecological environment and the disharmony between ecological carrying capacity and industrial layout; 3) the regions with prominent consistency problems are basically the same as the key units of environmental control, indicating that the index system is objective and feasible, can provide reference for relevant evaluation and research work, and has the feasibility of nationwide promotion. It is suggested to strengthen pollutant emission control for the key control units. 

结合我国正在开展的“三线一单”编制工作, 构建基于“三线一单”的生态承载力与产业布局一致性评价指标体系, 并选取上海市青浦区为案例研究区, 利用单因素和综合生态承载率法进行区域生态承载力与产业布局一致性评价。结果表明: 1) 单因素生态承载率法能反映关键限制性因素, 综合指数能直观地说明区域产业对生态承载力的累积影响; 2) 青浦区产业布局与生态空间和土壤环境生态承载力的冲突较小, 但是对水环境和大气环境造成的生态压力较大, 生态环境整体上呈超载状态, 生态承载力与产业布局一致性较弱; 3) 评价一致性问题突出的区域与环境管控单元的重点管控单元基本上一致, 表明该指标体系客观可行, 具备全国推广的普遍性, 因此建议加强对重点管控单元的污染物排放管控。