Abstract: Based on the case observation, this paper indentifies the important stakeholders in T Nature Reserve, and analyzes their behaviors. The authors argue that, although the management agency has the legal right to supervise and manage the tourism operating firm, it is hard to supervise and manage the tourism operating effectively to prevent the acts damaging environment because of the interference of local government. The reason why the management agency is obedient to the local government's interference is that local government is one of the most important financial sources of T Nature Reserve management agency and has the right to appoint personnel of T Nature Reserve management agency, and the reason why local governments interfere with the affairs of the management agency is that local officials will be devoted to economic development at local level in China now.

Key words: nature reserve, tourism, concession, local government

摘要： 通过案例剖析，从自然保护区保护和发展的目标出发，运用调研获得的第一手资料，识别出主要的利益相关者，并分析其行为。结果表明，虽然自然保护区管理局对获得旅游特许经营权的企业的经营活动具有法律所赋予的监督权和管理权，但是，由于地方政府的介入和干预，自然保护区管理局往往无法进行有效的监督和管理，从而使得可能对环境造成不利影响的旅游建设和经营活动无法得到有效制止。本研究进一步认为地方政府能够进行干预主要有两方面的原因：首先，地方政府对保护区管理局在人事和财政上的主导权；另外，在当前的制度约束下，追求效用最大化的地方政府官员更加强调地方经济的发展。

关键词: 自然保护区, 旅游, 特许经营, 地方政府