Responses of Leaf Traits to Nitrogen and Phosphorus Additions across Common Species in an Alpine Grassland on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

doi:10.13209/j.0479-8023.2017.057

Abstract

Abstract:

To investigate species’ resource competition strategies with traits of the leaf economics spectrum across contrasting environments and to examine the effects of nutrient additions on the ranking of species based on their leaf economics spectrum in an alpine grassland on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, five leaf traits (LDMC: leaf dry matter content, SLA: specific leaf area, LC: leaf carbon concentration, LN: leaf nitrogen concentration and LP: leaf phosphorus concentration) were measured for 10 plant common species in all plots. The results showed that N addition significantly increased LN by 9.4% and P addition significantly increased LP by 81.8%. There were significant interactions between N addition and P addition on SLA and LDMC, which increased SLA by 15.3% and decreased LDMC by 10.1%. In addition, there were species-specific responses of leaf traits across multivariate trait space to nutrient additions. The variation in species responses to NP addition significantly changed the species ranking based on the leaf economics spectrum. These results showed that co-occurring species followed a conservative strategy in the infertile environment and an exploitative strategy in the fertilized ones by increasing SLA and leaf nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations. Different species responses to NP addition caused a new species distribution based on the leaf economics spectrum. These results suggest that, before using leaf traits to predict responses of community structure and ecosystem functioning to nitrogen and phosphorus additions, it is necessary to take the species-specific responses into consideration.

Key words: leaf economics spectrum, nitrogen addition, phosphorus addition, trait plasticity, resource competition

摘要：

基于海北站氮磷添加实验平台, 研究青藏高原高寒草地常见植物叶片干物质含量(LDMC)、比叶面积(SLA)和叶片碳、氮、磷含量(LC, LN, LP)属性对N添加、P添加和NP同时添加的响应。从10个物种总体来看, N添加使LN显著增加9.4%。P添加使LP显著增加81.8%。N添加和P添加对LDMC和SLA有显著的交互作用。在无N添加条件下, P添加使LDMC减小2.3%, SLA增加3.5%; 在N添加条件下, P添加使LDMC减小10.1%, SLA增加15.3%。N添加和P添加对基于叶经济谱的物种排序无显著影响, 而NP同时添加显著改变了基于叶经济谱的物种排序。结果表明, 通过提高SLA和叶片NP含量, 使高寒草地植物对光、土壤可利用性N和P的获取与利用能力增强。NP同时添加可以显著改变叶属性的种间变异, 进而导致青藏高原高寒草地常见植物在叶经济谱上形成新的分布格局。因此, 在利用叶属性预测群落结构和生态系统功能对NP同时添加的响应时, 应该考虑物种的特异性响应。

关键词: 叶经济谱, N添加, P添加, 属性可塑性, 资源竞争策略

Ying LI, Li LIN, Wenyan ZHU, Zhenhua ZHANG, Jinsheng HE. Responses of Leaf Traits to Nitrogen and Phosphorus Additions across Common Species in an Alpine Grassland on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau[J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 2017, 53(3): 535-544.

李颖, 林笠, 朱文琰, 张振华, 贺金生. 青藏高原高寒草地常见植物叶属性对氮、磷添加的响应[J]. 北京大学学报自然科学版, 2017, 53(3): 535-544.

Figures/Tables 8

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物种	科	功能群
异针茅Stipa aliena	禾本科	多年生禾草类
垂穗披碱草Elymus nutans	禾本科	多年生禾草类
矮嵩草Kobresia humilis	莎草科	多年生禾草类
麻花艽Gentiana straminea	龙胆科	多年生杂类草
美丽风毛菊Saussurea pulchra	菊科	多年生杂类草
高山豆Tibetia himalaica	豆科	多年生杂类草
青海苜蓿Medicago archiducis-nicolai	豆科	多年生杂类草
圆萼刺参Morina chinensis	川续断科	多年生杂类草
钉柱委陵菜Potentilla saundersiana	蔷薇科	多年生杂类草
重冠紫菀Aster diplostephioides	菊科	多年生杂类草

物种	科	功能群
异针茅Stipa aliena	禾本科	多年生禾草类
垂穗披碱草Elymus nutans	禾本科	多年生禾草类
矮嵩草Kobresia humilis	莎草科	多年生禾草类
麻花艽Gentiana straminea	龙胆科	多年生杂类草
美丽风毛菊Saussurea pulchra	菊科	多年生杂类草
高山豆Tibetia himalaica	豆科	多年生杂类草
青海苜蓿Medicago archiducis-nicolai	豆科	多年生杂类草
圆萼刺参Morina chinensis	川续断科	多年生杂类草
钉柱委陵菜Potentilla saundersiana	蔷薇科	多年生杂类草
重冠紫菀Aster diplostephioides	菊科	多年生杂类草

变异来源	df	LDMC	SLA	LC	LN	LP
N添加 (N)	1	28.24^***	12.80^**	12.00^**	37.30^***	3.61
P添加 (P)	1	60.61^***	31.70^***	33.00^***	3.49	1081.42^***
Species (S)	9	656.03^***	144.82^***	58.00^***	174.55^***	50.37^***
N×P	1	18.85^**	11.08^**	3.00	4.13	0.04
N×S	9	1.25	1.33	4.00^***	12.46^***	0.87
P×S	9	0.98	1.34	1.00	2.17^*	16.66^***
N×P×S	9	0.63	0.66	1.00	2.13^*	1.31

变异来源	df	LDMC	SLA	LC	LN	LP
N添加 (N)	1	28.24^***	12.80^**	12.00^**	37.30^***	3.61
P添加 (P)	1	60.61^***	31.70^***	33.00^***	3.49	1081.42^***
Species (S)	9	656.03^***	144.82^***	58.00^***	174.55^***	50.37^***
N×P	1	18.85^**	11.08^**	3.00	4.13	0.04
N×S	9	1.25	1.33	4.00^***	12.46^***	0.87
P×S	9	0.98	1.34	1.00	2.17^*	16.66^***
N×P×S	9	0.63	0.66	1.00	2.13^*	1.31

处理	LDMC/(g · kg^-1)	SLA/ (cm²· g^-1)	LC/(g · kg^-1)	LN/(g · kg^-1)	LP/(g · kg^-1)
对照	254.66±13.94	168.94±9.30	441.77±1.78	24.53±1.18	1.65±0.05
N添加	250.21±13.54	171.29±8.52	443.03±1.46	26.83±1.09	1.60±0.05
P添加	248.83±13.99	174.41±8.44	436.08±1.65	24.48±1.28	3.08±0.13
NP添加	224.83±11.84	197.46±9.26	440.35±1.71	28.98±1.10	2.88±0.10