An Ms 7.1 earthquake struck Wushi County in Aksu Prefecture, Xinjiang at 02:09:05 on January 23, 2024. We conducted a preliminary investigation into the surface deformation characteristics at the epicenter (41.26°N, 78.63°E) and adjacent areas. The observation results show that the fault which triggered the earthquake was not widely exposed in the epicenter area. The primary surface deformations observed are mainly tensional fractures, with locally observed compression bulges, scarps and sand liquefaction. The earthquake caused approximately 5 cm of vertical displacement. The fracture zone composed of multiple tensional fractures destroyed roads, mountains and houses, and led to collapses and landslides in mountainous areas. Based on our field investigation, focal mechanism solution and aftershock distribution, it is concluded that the seismogenic structure of the earthquake is the eastern segment of Maidan fault. The future earthquake risk in this region remains high. Considering the potential risks associated with surface deformation, we recommend that local government strengthen the earthquake resistance capacity of building in pastoral areas and enhance the investigation and management of secondary geological hazards.