Abstract: In this paper the heat exchange between the pipelines carrying higher temperature fluid and ambient environment is analyzed. We have proposed a new complex thermal and hydraulic models, in which the flow regime, viscosity-temperature characteristics, density-temperature characteristics and specific heat-temperature characteristics, etc., of the running fluid in the pipelines are considered. The work-heat exchange of the frictional force is taken into account as well. For early detection and accurate location of leaks on the non-isothermal pipelines in accordance to pressure, flow rate and temperature, etc., SCADA(Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) measurements, at both inlet and outlet, the hydraulic and thermal differential equation system are driven, and the quick algorithms for solving them are also discussed. Because almost all the crude oil produced in China are highly waxy, highly viscous and with a high solidifying point, a series of experiments for leak and rupture detection are carried out on the long heating crude oil transport pipelines, verifying that the suggested method is both accurate and efficient.

Key words: pipeline, leak location, thermal model, hydraulic model

摘要： 通过对入口流体高于环境温度长输管道的沿程热量散失分析，建立了考虑流态、粘度、密度、热容等随温度变化的流体输运管道热力模型和考虑摩擦功热转换的水力模型，针对我国高凝点、高含蜡、高粘度"三高"原油首次提出以管网SCADA实测参数为边界条件，以管道沿程热力、水力微分方程为模型的热输管道泄漏检测定位方法。在油田现场进行的实验证明了该方法的有效性和准确性。

关键词: 热力模型, 水力模型, 泄漏定位, 管道