Abstract: Based on the principle of fair allocation, the five fundamental influencing factors affecting the allocation of the total air pollutant emissions were put forward. They were the status of emission sources，the environmental behavior of emission-generating enterprises，the economic contribution of emission sources to regional or city economy，the environmental impact of emission sources and their location, respectively. Then the influencing factors implied by current allocation methods were analyzed, followed by the evaluation of the fairness, rationality and applicability of the existing allocation methods. Results showe that there has been no method considering all these influencing factors so far, and the fairness of the existing methods is relative under the definite historical conditions. Therefore the appropriate allocation methods for local regions should be chosen according to different levels of economic development and requests for environmental management. Hence, suggestions for how to choose suitable methods for different economic regions to control air pollutant emissions were put forward.

Key words: control of total air pollutant emissions, allocation methods, fair allocation principle, environmental capacity

摘要： 基于公平性分配原则，提出影响大气污染物总量分配的5种基本影响因子是污染源排放现状、污染企业的环境行为、污染源对区域或城市经济贡献、污染源布局和污染源的环境影响，然后剖析了现有分配方法隐含的这些影响因子，并评价各种分配方法的公平性和适用性。研究指出，目前还没有一种分配方法完全考虑了这些分配影响因子，均是在一定历史条件下存在的相对公平性，因此应根据不同经济发展水平及其环境管理要求选择适合本地区的分配方法，于是提出了中国不同经济区域大气污染物总量分配方法的选择建议。

关键词: 大气污染总量控制, 分配方法, 公平性原则, 环境容量