Abstract: The organic bentonites were prepared with the low-level Ca-bentonites obtained from Jianping, Liaoning province. By means of orthogonal experiment, the optimal conditions of organic bentonites preparation are 20 g natural bentonite, 6.25 g CTMAB, 150 mL water, stirring time 3 hours, and standing time 2 days. XRD shows d(001) value of modified bentonite has increased from 1.5286 nm to 2.1567 nm, TG-DTA, and FT-IR prove organic modifiers have entered into the interlayers of the bentonites. A hydrophobic and lipophilic analysis of the modified bentonites was made. By one time modified technics, the traditional technics of organoclay preparation only by cation exchange reaction of Na-montorillonite with quaternary ammonium salt organic cation (HDTMA) are innovated and the cost of the organoclay preparation is greatly reduced.

Key words: bentonite, organic modification, orthogonal technique, property characteration

摘要： 对辽宁建平低品位天然钙基膨润土进行有机化改性，采用正交实验的方法，得到制备有机土的优化工艺条件为：20 g天然膨润土，6.25 g改性剂，150 mL水，搅拌时间3 h，静置时间2 d。XRD分析表明改性土的d(001) 值从膨润土原土的1.5286 nm增大到2.1567 nm，TG-DTA、FT-IR等方法均证明有机改性剂已进入膨润土的层间，并对改性后的有机膨润土进行了疏水亲油性分析。通过一次性改性工艺制备出有机粘土,革新了传统工艺中只能利用工业产品钠基蒙脱石与试剂纯长碳链季铵盐有机阳离子（HDTMA）进行离子交换反应而制备有机粘土技术，大大降低了有机粘土的制备成本。

关键词: 膨润土, 有机改性, 正交实验, 表征