Abstract: According to the superposition principle of quantum states, an arbitrary quantum states can not be deterministically erased(Pati & Braunstein), but may be probabilistically erased. Similar to the probabilistic cloning of quantum states by Duan & Guo, in this paper a probabilistic erasing scheme is developed, i.e., two non-orthogonal states secretly chosen from a certain set {|ψ₁〉, ψ₂〉} can be probabilistically erased through a unitary transformation U in combination with a subsequent measurement M. The differences in characters and efficiencies between probabilistic cloning and erasing are discussed.

Key words: quantum non-cloning theorem, quantum non-erasing theorem, probabilistic erasing

摘要： 通过一个幺正变换U和一个测量过程M，对于从一个量子态集合{|ψ₁〉, |ψ₂〉}中随机选出的两个非正交态，实现几率删除的方案。比较了量子删除和量子克隆物理过程的差异及其效率。

关键词: 量子不可克隆定理, 量子不可删除定理, 几率删除