Abstract: In order to conduct comprehensive analysis of “grazing ban” policy and its impacts, the authors applied NDVI data with MODIS satellite information to analyze the impacts of “grazing ban” policy on vegetation biomass with 8 years of NDVI data comparison between grazing and non-grazing pasturelands in New Barag Right Banner. At the same time, semi-structure interviews were conducted with herder families to reflect their reaction towards the policy impacts. The results indicate that even though there are relatively small differences in the biomass production between grazing and non-grazing pasturelands, the differences are not obvious enough to influence decisive policy implementation. In addition, the findings demonstrate that the level of rangeland biomass production has been highly fluctuated within 4 year duration after the “grazing ban” policy implementation. Therefore, it does necessarily approve that “grazing ban” policy has improved overall grassland quality. As matter of fact, the policy implementation has disturbed the original interaction between livestock and grassland ecosystem, and thus it may impose negative effects on the rangeland quality.

Key words: “grazing ban” policy, grassland recovery, normalized differential vegetation index (NDVI), herder perception

摘要： 为更加全面准确地分析禁牧政策对于草场的恢复效果, 采用MODIS卫星提供的遥感影像解译合成植被归一化指数(NDVI)数据, 通过对新巴尔虎右旗156户禁牧与非禁牧草场连续8年的数据进行差异性检验, 分析在控制降水气温因素的情况下禁牧对草场生物量的影响。同时通过对研究样地牧民的入户访谈调查, 分析牧民对于禁牧效果的感知作为补充。研究表明, 虽然禁牧草场与自由放牧草场的生物量在禁牧前后出现差异, 使得草场状况在一定程度上有所恢复, 但相较于当前的退化水平, 由禁牧带来的植被恢复对于草场的整体状况改善并不能起到决定性的作用。同时, 并非禁牧时间越长草场恢复得越好, 禁牧后4年中的遥感影像分析表明, 草场的生物量呈现年际波动的特征。而禁牧时间过长, 由于打破了原有草地生态系统中“草-畜”的关联关系, 反而有可能不利于草场的健康恢复。

关键词: 禁牧, 草场恢复, 归一化植被指数, 牧民感知