Abstract: At present, there are two dominant methods, multidimensional scaling (MDS) and sketch map, to externalize human's internal cognitive map. In order to study the similarities and distinctions between MDS configuration and sketch map, the authors conducted an experiment on Beijing residents by requesting a sketch of the region within Three Ring and meanwhile extracting distance estimates between eight landmarks. With preprocessing to eliminate errors, both results are adjusted to the same geographic coordination. Employing the bidimensional regression along with standard deviational ellipse, the authors compared the local and global distortions between two kinds of cognitive maps. It implies that the sketch map is more consistent with the real map, while distortion orientations of sketch map are similar to those of MDS configuration. Additionally, the authors provide advices for future usage of two methods.

Key words: cognitive map, externalization method, spatial distortion, sketch map, multidimensional scaling, standard deviational ellipse, bidimensional regression

摘要： 目前，通过实验方法获得人们头脑中认知地图的两种主要方法是手绘草图法和多维标度法(MDS)。为了深入探讨认知地图两种外部化方法的异同，以北京市为研究对象，要求抽样的被试同时完成MDS实验与手绘草图实验。对于两种不规则的认知地图，将它们的坐标系进行统一，并尽可能降低处理方法带来的变形。在此基础上，通过二维回归(BR)与误差椭圆的方法分别对两种外部化方法获得的结果进行全局与局部的比较，研究发现手绘草图的方法的结果更加符合实际地图；然而两个方法在变形的趋势上却大致相同。进而从MDS方法与手绘草图方法所研究的不同认知地图表达方式，到两个外部化方法自身的误差，做出分析与解释，并对这两种方法的应用提供了建议。

关键词: 认知地图, 外部化方法, 空间变形, 手绘草图, 多维标度法, 标准误差椭圆, 二维回归