Abstract: Ground based observation of atmospheric emission in the microwave band may be used to measure atmospheric parameters such as temperature profile or concentration of water vapour, liquid water, ozone and other atmospheric trace gases. By using atmospheric noise reception of 1.35cm water vapour absorption band and 8 mm window region, we could obtain the atmospheric total water vapour content and liquid water content in cloud. In this paper by way of calculating atmospheric radiation brightness temperature at four microwave bands it could be demonstrated that the 3mm band have more sensitive to the water vapour content and liquid water content than 1.35cm and 8mm bands especially for the water vapour content in clear sky. Consequently developing 3mm band radiometry is advantageous to remote sensing atmospheric water. Continuous measurements with high accuracy are important in determining forecasting on the mesoscale and heat balance in climatology.

Key words: radiation transfer, simulation calculation, absorption band

摘要： 在地面测量大气本身的微波辐射, 可以推算大气温度, 含水量, 臭氧和其他一些气体的浓度。采用大气中水汽吸收波段1.35cm和微波窗区8mm波段的辐射测量，可以遥感大气中汽态水含量和云中液态水的含量。本文通过对4个微波频段在大气中辐射传输的计算，可以看出在地面利用3mm波段遥感大气中的汽态水和云中液态水，尤其是遥感晴空汽态水含量将具有更高的灵敏度。开展3mm波段的辐射测量，将有利于连续精确地监测大气水的研究，这对中尺度天气预报和气候热平衡将起重要作用。

关键词: 辐射传输, 模拟计算, 吸收带